Radiation-induced CNS tumor in children: a diagnostic challenge

Neuroradiology plays an important role in the diagnosis of CNS tumors, both in defining treatment and in short and long-term follow-up. Diffusion and its correlation with ADC is a modality that has recently become relevant to establish the degree of malignancy of certain tumors, such as CNS gliomas. Gliomas are the most frequent CNS tumors in pediatrics, constituting 47% of these. We present a clinical case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with posterior fossa medulloblastoma and a radiation-induced tumor (high-grade glioma), diagnosed four years after radiotherapy, which presented difficulties in neuroradiological diagnosis due to its unusual characteristics. It continues to be a challenge for current neuroradiology to be able to establish the etiology of CNS lesions in cancer patients before surgical treatment.